Osman Lee, George Benna:
ePolitical jurisprudence considers “authority” to be an expression of the will that controls th individuals of society or groups of individuals, Will means having the power to make decisions, regardless of how this will is formed, This method may be dictatorial, democratic, revolutionary, or religious, etc. All these forms represent what is called historical entitlement in its various forms, Historical entitlement does not necessarily have to be associated with a physical presence on earth, as it may not have a physical presence on earth, such as the authority of the divine will.
The ruling authority in any state represents an institution that monopolizes many functions and tasks, including, for example, the monopoly of the authority over violence, as Max Weber expressed in the early twentieth century, and as Max Weber justified it, since the monopoly of violence cannot be divided within the framework of the law between the authority of the state and the authority of the mini-state, as is the case in Lebanon, where we see here the mini-state of Hezbollah within the Lebanese state, This situation leads to the collapse of the state project, because the mini-state obstructs the formation of the state in the first place, and the state project cannot tolerate the existence of a mini-state within it,Here the historical entitlement is distorted, The duality of state-mini-state means nothing but the inevitability of the extinction of both, and this is what the developments of the Lebanese situation and other situations in this region, such as the Iraqi, Libyan, Syrian, and others, herald.
The state project and the mini-state project live in situations of this kind of hypocritical agreements and competition or latent or apparent hostility, and depend on the division of spoils or the struggle for influence such as positions, through which corruption can be facilitated. Thus, the parallel authority is sometimes able to remain stable for a period that may sometimes be long, especially when the mini-state is able to exercise formal obedience to the state, and when the state is able to satisfy the mini-state, i.e. the parallel authority, through mutual deception and trickery, which cannot continue indefinitely! The explosion of the situation in cases of this kind, which are widespread, especially in dictatorial entities, whether they are political, religious, or religious-political dictatorships, represents an inevitable historical entitlement.
The Lebanese situation demonstrated that the parallel state or mini-state is represented by a religious group with a Shiite orientation, On the other hand, parallel power groups in other regions, such as Egypt, are represented by the Sunni opposite, i.e., the Brotherhood,, or because it operates outside this official legal framework, was able to control the official state not only for one year or so during Morsi’s time, which ended after million-person demonstrations, Despite this, these groups were able, at the popular level, to form a network that imposes itself as a mini-state within the state in almost all areas.
The necessary behavioral distortion for the survival or continuation of the mutually beneficial relationship between service provider and recipient cannot be avoided except by reforming the system of mutual benefit, that is, by eliminating the duality of the state and the mini-state, This duality transforms the state into a superficial, largely ineffective institution, especially when the mini-state manages to compete with the state in areas that are inherently the state’s domain, such as employment and the distribution of positions,The aim is to secure financial security for some in exchange for offering formal obedience to the state and a deceptive pretense of serving it, These hypocritical parasites form a herd of unproductive beneficiaries in entities like Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and other quasi-states,This has led to the squandering of state resources, which are then forced to fund these beneficiaries of the mini-state, while essential services like school care have vanished. For example, public schools lack the funds to finance heating for students or to pay adequate salaries to teachers, Consequently, schools have become mere formalities, not educating students, but rather providing clients for private tutoring centers, This has given rise to a parallel education system, a “formal” school system, The formal, official structure, alongside the parallel private school system, is a recipe for educational ruin. This isn’t because private school teachers are incompetent, but because the segment of the population that can afford private education is very small, What will the future hold for everyone if there is no school for all? The issue of schools applies to other areas as well; the collapse of the dual state-state system is only a matter of time.
