Osman Ly, George Benna
Every people wants to have a state in this era, because the state system has become an axiom of organizing the lives of peoples, which is practiced within the framework of the state of society or the society of the state, This represents what is called an unwritten conscience or consciousness, as long as the matter is axiom, there is no need to write it down Conscience has an axiom of variation and then cultural and intellectual difference, expressing the reality of human groups within the state,Difference is an axiom or a reality that controls the development aimed at achieving progress and social justice, which cannot be achieved through a single direction, principle, or view, A single view does not interact, give, or take, and may be wrong or correct by chance, and it remains wrong or correct because it is not interactive and developmental. Interaction is necessary in order to be able to develop and then distinguish between wrong and right, and between failure and success.
When the Syrian state was established after the First World War, it had many elements of success, from sufficient land in terms of area and production, internationally recognized borders, and good international relations, After examining the history of the development of this state, it became clear that the idea of the mandate approved by the League of Nations was constructive, because in objective comparative evaluation it was proven that Syrian political, social, and economic life during that period was relatively good, and despite its many flaws, it was one of the best periods of the last Syrian century, It was not expected to be the best! However, reality imposes the painful admission that this period was the best in Syrian life in the last century compared to what is called national rule after full independence in 1946.
There were several difficulties and obstacles after independence, including the issue of the social contract that regulates people’s relations with each other, with geography, and with governance, The concept of the social contract, for some, did not rise to the level required to build a state of development, a state of right, freedom, justice, and equality among people, This was due to the fact that some Syrian groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, did not have the ability to deal with others in a way that would ensure the development of society to the best and most advanced level, i.e., the ability to build a state, They do not want a state in the first place because they are internationalists, and the state in this era is national, Therefore, they formed a religious group closed to religion, i.e., they formed a religious sectarian group that relied in its formation on the exclusion and oppression of others and the rejection of equality with them.
Since others are citizens with rights and duties and responsibilities, it was their duty to be an enlightening support for the Brotherhood, The Brotherhood member was not born a Brotherhood member, but rather became a Brotherhood member due to many circumstances. Therefore, there were several attempts at explanation, understanding, and comprehension, as there is no people in the world who do not include human beings of different forms of components or categories, In short, it can be said that all members of the people are partners, and all are strangers at the same time, The Brotherhood rejected the formula of partners and insisted on the formula of strangers!
Exclusion was the only translation of the term “strangers,” hence the necessity of confronting it, Success in confronting exclusion is contingent upon its scale and spread. When its scale and spread become swell and become widespread, it transforms into an epidemic or pandemic that may render nation-building impossible, Nation-building is impossible when a large segment of the population considers Islam a state, not merely a religion. Furthermore, there was a contradiction between the formal intention to build a state and the conviction that the nation-state is illegitimate, stemming from the pan-Islamic concept of the lives of peoples, which does not believe in geographical borders but rather in religious and demographic boundaries, such as the Caliphate, In Syria, there is now a de facto Caliphate, and there are relentless efforts to Islamize this Caliphate by force, Islamizing the state, i.e., the Caliphate, means restricting those who are religiously different, i.e., the stranger, and thus forcing them to migrate, as happened to the followers of Jesus Christ, who constituted an almost absolute majority fourteen centuries ago, and whose percentage has now dwindled to less than 1%, These “strangers” have migrated almost voluntarily, and in some areas, like Idlib, in a… Forced, the reaction of the rest of the strangers, such as the Alawites, Druze, Kurds, and others, even a section of the Sunnis were different, Here a great problem was born, characterized by the perpetration of massacres against those groups, who tried to defend themselves, Now an increasing section of the Sunnis feel threatened, as not all Sunnis are Umayyads, Between the Umayyads and the rest of the other Muhammadan groups, there have historically been bloody massacres, If the matter of alienation had been limited to the followers of the son of Mary, the problem would not have been so huge.
It is natural for every Syrian to yearn for power; indeed, it is their duty to participate in it, However, if power represents spoils of war, or if power becomes booty, then it is not expected that the one who seizes the spoils will accept the participation of others whom he considers strangers, The one who seizes the spoils justifies his monopoly of the spoils with many justifications, including the will of the people, which was represented by the results of an “Assadist” referendum, One of the results of this referendum was the declaration of 100% of Syrians’ loyalty to Assad, and among them were certainly those whom Assad dragged and killed. Now, the justification is repeated in a less absolute form, as the followers of al-Julani claim that 95% of Syrians stand behind him, even without a referendum or a sham election, even with his perpetration of massacres in the west, south, and east of the country, These people in the west, south, and east of the country are strangers who must be eliminated to preserve the homogeneity of the nation, unify its word, and cleanse it of impurity at the hands of the mujahideen in the path of God!
