Samir Sadek, Syriano

        Every people wants to live in a state in this era, because the state system has become an axiom of shared life, which is practiced within the framework of the state of society or the society of the state, This represents what is called an unwritten conscience or consciousness, as long as the matter is axiom, there is no need to write it down, Among the axioms that form the conscience is the axiom of the cultural and intellectual diversity and difference between members of society, which expresses the reality of human groups,Difference is an axiom that is related to another axiom, which is the axiom of development and the achievement of social justice and equality, which cannot be achieved through a single direction, principle, or viewpoint,A single viewpoint does not interact, that is, it does not take or give, and it may be wrong or a disaster by chance, and it remains wrong or a disaster, because it is not interactive and developmental, and self-criticism is not in its nature.

Interaction is necessary in order to be able to distinguish between right and wrong, When the Syrian state was established after the First World War, it had many elements of success, including land, borders, international recognition, and good international relations,After examining the development of this state project, it became clear that the mandate idea approved by the League of Nations was relatively constructive, because, in objective comparative evaluation, it was proven that Syrian political, social, and economic life during that period, despite its many flaws, was among the best periods of the last century, It was not expected to be the best, but reality imposes the painful admission that this period was the best in Syrian life in the last century.

The increasing delay and regression came after the failure to formulate a social contract that did not rise to the level required for building a state, and did not rise to the stage of having the ability to deal with the other in a way that would ensure the development of the state project into a mature and successful state, This deficiency was due to the misunderstanding of a part of the Syrian people of the state, and the  muslim  Brotherhood was that part that did not understand the state, to the point that it does not believe in the state, rather it rejects it and does not recognize its geographical borders or its civil laws, What was important for the Brotherhood was the demographic Muslim nation and not the Syrian nation, meaning that the concepts of the Brotherhood were in their origin and basis outside the   world history , which has relied on the concept of the state for several centuries, For about 600 years, there has been no existence except for states, The systems that preceded the Westphalian agreements were not states, but rather entities that derived their legitimacy in this region from religious law, as was the case with the Quraysh Caliphate and the Ottoman Sultanate.

It is not possible to formulate a social contract with the Brotherhood, because there are no religiously homogeneous human groups in any part of the world, even in Afghanistan, Religiously homogeneous groups do not need a social contract to regulate people’s relations with each other on the principle of equality under a state that has no religion, The state does not fast or pray, and the fate of the state is not in heaven or hell, The state is not a person or an individual, but rather a system of considerations,Religion is a personal, not a social, affiliation, while the establishment of the state depends on a society, and the society formulates a social contract to which it is committed as a whole, The society does not recognize what is called “components,” but rather citizens equal in rights and duties,There is no traitor in the society because of differing opinions, and there is no believer or infidel, because the issue of faith and infidelity is personal.

Syrian groups were subjected to civil wars, and some of these groups were able to “hatch” dictatorships, The hatching of dictatorships is due to the personalization of the entity called a “state,” and to the failure of groups to transform into a “society” and thus be able to formulate a “social contract.” The environment of takfir (excommunication) and treason inherent in religious entities cannot tolerate the existence of a state, nor can it tolerate the existence of a flexible law that is capable of change and development, The state means legitimacy, and legitimacy does not come from the law of a particular religion, just as legitimacy does not come from the ideology of a particular party, as happened with the Ba’ath, which transformed into the religion of Arabism. The religion of Arabism is no different from the religion of Ibn Abdullah,All of this is like a deadly distortion of the homeland and a void in the cultural consciousness, that is, the absence of a social contract. It is difficult to build homelands in a void or from a void!

We do not think it is necessary to define the origins of the idea of ​​the social contract, which generally means the transition of groups from the pre-state stage to the state stage, Whoever wants to know more about those origins should ask Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, or Jean-Jacques Rousseau!

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