The 1980s and 1990s witnessed the rise it is called the religious awakening, which contributed to creating a feeling among some Muslim believers that they are not Muslims as they should be! Their faith is incomplete!! And therefore they must become more faithful in order to become more powerful and of a higher status, They must create a “new Islamic self”, characterized by adherence to the principles of religiosity, religion, texts and their literal interpretation, and the principles of practicing rituals, after they had strayed in the past and distanced themselves from religion and its rulings, This is to emphasize that Muhammadanism is the solution and that the life of the believer must swim in a sea of teachings and fatwas to ensure the ability to create the new self, On this new self, the Tunisian thinker Fathi Ben Slama called the Supreme Muslim, in reference to the superego in Freud.
The highest believer was an escalation of the Brotherhood personality that began to crystallize in the 1920s at the hands of Sayyid Qutb, Hassan al-Banna, and the group that established the religious awakening, which is based on several pillars, the most important of which is hostility towards the West, because the West discovered the modern secular state, which considers religion a personal affiliation that has no relation to belonging to the state, which has turned into a purely political entity, with no inheritance, no guardian, no caliphate, but rather secularism and citizenship based on the state, which is land, society, and a political entity that binds citizens with a social contract that makes them all equal before the law,Such a development is a challenge to the East, which is fixed and frozen on the idea of the religious state.
The West was shocked by the backwardness of the Arab-Ottoman world through Bonaparte’s campaign (he was called Bonaparte Pasha) in Egypt, Bonaparte Pasha brought the printing press and many scholars who became preoccupied with the Rashid Stone and its secrets, The West later became a source of nationalist thought, which clashed with religious thought, The West instigated women’s demands for their rights, and it was the source of human rights that are incompatible with the Islamic system of human rights, The West destroyed the Ottoman Caliphate after defeating it and then partitioning it, It was the West that welcomed Ataturk’s coup against religion, the Arabic language and script, and against the sheikhs, the fez, and the Sharia courts, The West was a source of annoyance to fundamentalism, as it was the competitor and the victor morally, politically, economically, and scientifically, The West became the target of begging from Muslim refugees, providing them with food, shelter, water, and medicine,The most detestable thing in life is begging from a religiously rejected adversary, They are the infidels, and were it not for the infidels, many believers would have died of hunger. Is there any greater humiliation than this?
The religious revival after 1953 felt weak and unable to fit itself into the civilization of the 21st and 20th centuries,Therefore, it tried to circumvent and deceive and invented the name of the civil state, which remained orphaned without a specific concept, We do not know exactly what is meant by this civil state, but it is without the slightest doubt that it is not the civil state of Rousseau, John Locke, or Hobbes,The intention of the scattered proposals about the civil state was the caliphate of Medina, i.e., Yathrib, i.e., to keep the specter of the secular state out of circulation, The proposals of the civil state or the state of the city suggested that this state was nothing but a Sunni version of the republic of the mullahs, Dressing the desired state in the garb of “civilization” was nothing but a verbal fabrication,And because this fabrication is flimsy, the concept of the civil revival state – the city – did not find a place in academic political and social literature.
The collapse of the Ottoman Sultanate (Caliphate) was the main reason for the birth of the political Brotherhood, which wanted the Muslim nation to have a carrier and an embrace that would nurture it, which is the embrace of the Caliphate nurtured by the Caliphate Empire, and the supreme Muslim was the guarantor of rebuilding this empire to contain the believing nation, Here the Brotherhood clashed again with the West, which rejected religious empires and did not reject economic, political, or military empires, The West even rejected the Roman Empire and adhered to what was approved by the Treaties of Westphalia, which are considered the cornerstone in building the modern European state.
In order for religion to reach its goals through the supreme believer, it had to revive the practices of jihad and dying for the sake of God, and then promote asceticism in this worldly life, which turns into luxury and virgins in the afterlife, The supreme believer must feel guilt and shortcomings, and thus try to compensate for that by ascending to the rank of the supreme believer, like the ascension of man to the rank of the ideal superego (Freud), In the view of the Brotherhood and the Awakening, the supreme believer represents the “idealism” of faith and the highest and most sublime forms of religious practice.
The understanding of the highest believer regarding the causes of his depression and his feelings of guilt and excessive sadness was childish and immature, The highest Muslim’s remedy for the disease that afflicted him was an entrenchment of his personal and collective frustration. Voluntary death in its various forms, such as martyrdom, which is intended to create a superhuman being, is nothing but a departure from the “human” and an entry into the realm of walking corpses, Creating a superhuman being through self-sacrifice is nothing but fabrication and deception, Whoever deliberately and intentionally seeks martyrdom is actually afflicted with the “Kotar syndrome,” which diminishes his material existence and drives him to despise and neglect himself, This is what pushes him to abandon the self and make death easy. It is said, “For the sake of God,” a lie to the self, not for the sake of God, but for the sake of the self and the virgins of Paradise, The more misery a person suffers in this world, the more attached he becomes to compensation and justice in the afterlife, Therefore, a person must be made miserable and feel guilt and inadequacy in order to push him to get rid of his earthly life, In this context, many believers took their own lives.
The industry of the supreme believer is the industry that strips actual death of its connotations and meanings; it is the industry of illusion and the industry of moving corpses, the industry of confusion between life and death!
