Thus, the culture of the peoples of the conquered regions transformed into a nomadic pastoral culture

 The culture of violence, terrorism, and rejection of the other is based on many pillars,Violence, terrorism, and rejection of the other are born from the womb of totalitarianism and from the womb of the inability to deal creatively with pluralism, and then the neurotic tendency to impose homogeneity, All of this produced a culture of aggression, which plagued the Bedouin groups and was called pastoral Bedouinism, which means additional characteristics such as revenge, retaliation, the inability to engage in dialogue and exchange ideas, the inability to admit mistakes, the belief that one possesses absolute truth, in addition to violence and its practice on women who are physically weaker than men, and other negative characteristics that distinguish pastoral Bedouin groups from urban ones.   

  The characteristics of the pastoral Bedouin culture mentioned were transferred to the consciousness of other peoples, such as the peoples of the Levant, the peoples of the Nile Valley, and others, through the gateway of conquests and the gateway of religion, which came from the desert and was originally afflicted with this culture, meaning it practiced it, promoted it, and organized it with additional rulings, such as the rule of the fifth, especially after the fall of the influence of religion on Bedouinism in the Saqifa, In the Saqifa, the concept of the “nation” fell, which was supposed to be an alternative to the concept of the tribe or clan, The tribes and clans did not turn into something resembling a single nation except in one field or one branch, which is the field of war, captivity, and plunder.

 The nomadic pastoral characteristics were not innate, but acquired, The acquisition was from the harsh desert environment, an environment that does not allow for the practice of the duality of production and subsistence, The deficiency in production led to the birth of the duality of plunder and subsistence, Agricultural production in the barren desert was difficult, and it was not possible to transform the desert into agricultural land, and thus enable the nomads to remain in the place, Remaining is necessary in order to establish cities, i.e., urban life.

   The nomadic pastoralists found in the new religion an organizer of the dilemma of obtaining the necessary sustenance to cover the costs of life,Sustenance came under the shadow of spears, which the religion unified and directed outwardly, instead of each tribe or clan practicing raiding on its own, They united under the umbrella of religious conquests, raiding, then stealing, looting, and taking captives within the framework of the rule of the fifth, that is, one-fifth of the spoils for the leadership, and four-fifths for the mujahideen in the path of God, as it was said, So the concept of jihad was religious, and can the spoils and the division of the stolen goods be jihad in the path of God? And is the consideration of spoils by the verse as purely permissible in any way ethical? And is it correct to consider the saying that whoever dies without thinking of raiding has died on a branch of hypocrisy? Is it not shameful to consider all of that as a completion of the virtues of morality!

The raids began before the religion actually spread among the raiders. The period between the birth of the religion and the beginning of the raids was so short that it is possible to suspect that the fighting mujahideen were not really followers of the religion with certainty, but rather followers of the looters, which the religion organized, encouraged and unified, What was practiced individually turned into collective practices, that is, by all the tribes together.

   The goal of the invasion was the fertile, rich regions such as Mesopotamia, then the Nile Valley, the Levant, and others, They chose the fertile and relatively sparsely populated regions, not to work in agriculture, for the invaders did not work at all! Rather, they encroached upon others and practiced fierce and cruel taxation, which impoverished the peoples of the conquered colonies. The dual culture of work and production was nonexistent among them. Unfortunately, they were only men of the sword and men of theft and plunder.

The Caliphate established military regimes in its colonies, appointing governors who contributed to the “Arabization” of the peoples under their control, The rule was nomadic and pastoral, with the ruler being an absolute, oppressive, and tribal Bedouin from the Quraysh tribe, They implemented this through various means, including forcing people to change their religion, language, and values, They occupied minds as well as strongholds, They were obsessed with rapid population growth, which enabled them to secure a sufficient number of fighters for wars, Initially, they relied on others for administration, but they maintained control of the key positions in the power structure, The decision-making power was entirely theirs, They did not integrate with the inhabitants of the colonies, and the colonists’ only role was to provide services, pay tribute, and provide captives and slaves, They learned nothing of value from the inhabitants of the conquered territories, What could the conquered peoples learn from them other than violence, warfare, domination, the collection of tribute and taxes, and the adoption of Bedouin customs and traditions, along with the language? The new one, imposed by the new religion, i.e., the new shepherd of the pastoral Bedouin by the sword.

   By imposing Bedouin characteristics, the Bedouin pastoral culture prevailed, and previous civilizations such as the Sumerian, Greek, Roman, Persian, Pharaonic, and others disappeared, The peoples who invented the alphabet and the plow stopped creating, as the atmosphere imposed by the invaders under the banner of religion is not compatible with creativity, It is an atmosphere of obstacles, prohibitions, and restrictions,Thus, by looking at the region, one can confirm that the wheel of progress and development stopped, The Levant turned into a functional desert, and the inhabitants of the Levant turned into Bedouins without a desert, That is, development forward did not only stop, but there was a regression backward, The society of agriculture, crafts, writing, construction, and Levantine arts turned into a society of tribes and clans like the tribes and clans of the desert. No letters, no agriculture, no construction, but rather ruin, barrenness, stagnation, and petrification.

   The grip of the nomadic pastoralism was savage and iron-fisted, especially after religion took over its leadership, Thus, the nomadic pastoralism and its leadership were able to eliminate almost all the scholars by barbaric means, Only a very few of them were spared from slaughter, burning, crucifixion, roasting, and starvation, and most of them were of Persian origin, Through barbarity in dealing with those who were intellectually different, the nomadic pastoralism was able to impose its culture on the peoples of the conquered countries, and it was able to obliterate the civil cultures of those peoples, the cultures of science, innovation, and thought, with which they had enlightened the world. Imagine another course of history, a course without the nomadic pastoralism and its new religious shepherd. Imagine if these peoples had been left free to work, free to think, and free to create. Would it not then be expected that these peoples would lead the world to higher and more beautiful horizons, horizons of progress, peace, and success, and not military force, sword, killing, barbarism, and wars that did not stop?

   Just as they destroyed the lives of their scholars, they destroyed the lives of other peoples, and drowned them in seas of blood, pain, backwardness, and hatred, for fourteen centuries, For centuries, these peoples have lived in increasing humiliation, increasing poverty, increasing immorality, and increasing failure,And what is worse than all of that is the deep-rooted mentality of failure, inadequacy, hatred, and violence in people’s souls, a deep-rooted mentality that is difficult to uproot in a reasonable period of time, It must be uprooted if these peoples want life, dignity, freedom, and progress!